藏獒标准（感谢xuc翻译）

首席村妇

藏獒标准（感谢xuc翻译）

第一,原出处为ATMC.未经过原制定者同意,因此翻译文本今限参考之用.

第二,尽力了,但难免有不足,请獒友指正.

第三,内容并不完全适合国内.

谢谢.




I. GENERAL APPEARANCE.[一般外观]



Noble and impressive: a large, powerful, heavy, well built dog, well muscled, with much substance and bone, and of solemn but kindly appearance. [（藏獒）给人以高贵而深刻印象：是一种大型，有力，强健而构造优秀的犬，有发达的肌肉，强健的骨骼和其他组成，有庄严而和善的外表。]The Tibetan Mastiff stands well up on the pasterns, with strong, tight, cat feet, giving an alert appearance.[藏獒靠有力的胶骨（注1）站立，有强壮，紧凑的猫足，带有警戒的表情。] The body is slightly longer than tall. [它的体长大于身高。]The head is broad and impressive, with massive back skull, the eyes deep-set and almond shaped, slightly slanted, the muzzle broad and well-padded, giving a square appearance. [它有给人深刻印象的有着巨大后骨的宽阔的头，眼睛深陷呈杏仁状，稍微倾斜，口吻部宽阔而充实，显现出方型外观。]The typical expression of the breed is one of watchfulness.[这种犬的典型表情为警戒。] The tail is well feathered and carried over the back in a single curl falling over the loin, balancing the head.[它的尾巴被毛在身体后部腰的上边卷曲，形成单环状，与头部相平衡。] The coat and heavy mane is thick, with coarse guard hair and a wooly undercoat. [它的被毛和鬃毛浓密，分为粗硬的针毛和柔软的内毛。]The tail and britches are well feathered.[尾巴和四肢有羽状附毛。]
The Tibetan Mastiff has been used primarily as a family and property guardian for many millennia, and is aloof and watchful of strangers, and highly protective of its people and property.[藏獒数千年来被当作首选的家庭和财产的守护犬，它对陌生人深沉而警戒，高度保护它的主人家庭和财产。]



注1：类似马蹄的一种结构。下同。



II. SIZE, PROPORTION, SUBSTANCE.[尺寸，比例和构造]



Size[尺寸]: Dogs - minimum of 26 inches at the withers[公犬身高最低不少于26英尺。]
Bitches - minimum of 24 inches at the withers[母犬身高最低不少于24英尺。]
Dogs and *****es that are more than one inch below the minimum heights to be severely faulted.[公犬和母犬如果低于最低身高1英尺，是严重不合格的。]



Proportion[比例]: Slightly longer than tall (9-10), (i.e.,the height to length, measured from sternum to ischium should be slightly greater than the distance from withers to ground).[身长比高度略大（即是从胸骨到坐骨的长度比腰到地面的距离长）。]



Substance[构造]: The Tibetan Mastiff should have impressive substance, both in bone and structure, as well as strength. When dogs are judged equal in type, proportion and movement, the more substantial dog, in terms of substance and bone, not merely height, is to be given preference.[藏獒有另人惊叹的构造，无论是骨骼还是其他构成，一样的有力。当犬被公平的从类型，比例，运动方面进行评判，不仅仅包括高度，还包括构造和骨骼，而更结实的狗更被偏爱。]



III. HEAD. [头部]

Broad, heavy and strong. Some wrinkling in maturity, extending from above eyes down to corner of mouth. A correct head and expression is essential to the breed.[（它的头部）宽阔，有力和强壮。成熟期后，有些（犬）头部会起褶皱，从眼睛上部一直延伸到嘴角。一个好的头部和表情是这个品种必须的。]



Expression[表情]: Noble, intelligent, watchful and aloof.[高贵，智慧，警戒和深沉。]

Eyes[眼睛]: Very expressive, medium size, any shade of brown. Rims to be black except in blue/grey, blue/grey and tan dogs and brown dogs, the darkest possible shade of grey or brown. Eyes deep-set, well apart, almond-shaped, and slightly slanting. Any other color or shape to be severely faulted since it detracts from the typical expression.[非常富于表现力，中等大小，棕褐色眼球。除减色（注2）和灰色外，周遭是黑色的，减色和灰色，栗色和棕褐色犬，周遭可能是灰色或是棕褐色。眼睛深陷，呈杏仁型，微微倾斜。其他颜色或形状的（眼睛）被认为是从典型特征中变异的，是严重不合格的。]
注2：减色可理解为黑色减淡。下同。




Ears[耳朵]: Medium size, V-shaped, pendant, set-on high , dropping forward and hanging close to head. Raised when alert, on level with the top of the skull. The ear leather is thick, covered with soft short hair, and when measured, should reach the inner corner of the eye.[中等尺寸，下垂的V型，从头部高处开始，紧贴头部向侧前垂下。当警戒时，耳朵提高，可到头骨水平位置。耳皮丰厚，被软短毛，如测量应可达眼睛内侧角。



Skull[头骨]: Broad and large, with strongly defined occiput. Broad back skull .[宽阔巨大，有强壮的后枕骨。后头骨宽阔。]



Stop[头峰注3]: Deep and well defined.[纵深，形状清晰。]



注3：个人理解STOP意译。下同。



Muzzle[口吻]: Broad, well filled and square when viewed from all sides.[宽阔，充实从各角度看呈方型。]



Proportions[均衡比例]: Measurement from occiput to stop and stop to end of nose, equal or slightly shorter.[从后枕骨到头峰与头峰到鼻尽端等距或稍短。]



Nose[鼻子]: Broad, well pigmented, with open nostrils. Black, except with blue/grey or blue/grey and tan dogs, the darkest shade of grey and brown dogs, the darkest shade of brown. Any other color to be severely faulted.[宽阔，色泽清晰，鼻孔开放式，除减色和灰色犬或是减色和灰色与栗色的混色，鼻子均为黑色，越深的灰色或棕褐色犬，鼻子越是暗或棕褐色。任何其他的颜色是严重不合格的。



Lips[嘴唇]: Well developed, thick, with moderate flews and slightly pendulous lower lips.[构造相当，厚实，有适度下垂的上唇，可垂至比嘴唇更低处。



Bite[咬合]: Complete scissor bite. Level bite acceptable. Essential that dentition fits tightly, to maintain square form of muzzle.[完全剪式咬合。水平咬合也可。首要的是咬合应该紧密，可以保持方型的口吻。]
Teeth[牙齿]: Canine teeth large, strong, broken teeth not to be faulted.[典型大犬齿，有力。断齿不是不合格。
Faults[不足]: Missing teeth, overshot, undershot bite.[少牙，上下额突出。]



IV. NECK, TOPLINE AND BODY.[脖子，背线和躯干]



Neck[脖子]: The neck is well muscled, moderately arched, and may have moderate dewlap. The neck, especially in dogs, is shrouded by a thick upstanding mane.[脖子富于肌肉，适度的拱型，可有适度赘肉。脖子，特别是公犬，是应该被粗硬的直立鬃毛覆盖。]



Topline[背线]: Topline straight and level between withers and croup.[背线笔直，位置介于腰和臀部之间。



Body[躯干]: The chest is rather deep, of moderate breadth, with reasonable spring of rib. Brisket reaching to just below elbows. Underline with pronounced (but not exaggerated) tuck-up. The back is muscular with firmly muscled loin. There is no slope or angle to the croup.[胸部宜纵深，宽度相当，肋骨韧度适当。胸肉可及肘部。下部有清晰的（而不夸张的）褶皱。上部是富于肌肉的腰部。在臀部没有斜面和角度。]



Tail[尾部]: Medium to long, but not reaching below hock joint; well feathered. Set high on line with top of back. When alert or in motion, curled over back or to one side. Tails that are double curled or carried in an incomplete curl to be faulted.[中度至长度，不可低过踝关节。当警戒或移动时，向上或向侧卷曲。尾部双卷或是不完全卷曲，是不合格的。]



V. FOREQUARTERS.[前侧部]



Shoulders[肩部]: Well laid back, muscular, strongly boned, with moderate angulation to match the rear angulation.[自然向上，有强壮的肌肉和骨骼，与后侧部角度相当。]



Legs[腿部]: Straight, with substantial bone and muscle, well covered with short, coarse hair, feathering, and with strong pasterns that have a slight slope.[笔直，有坚实的骨骼和肌肉，被短粗毛，有羽状附毛，有适当角度的强健脚部。]



Feet[足部]: Cat feet. Fairly large, strong, compact, may have feathering between toes. Nails may be either black and/or white, regardless of coat color. A single dewclaw may be present on the front feet.[猫型足。大，强壮而紧凑，趾间可有羽状附毛。无论外观什么颜色，指甲颜色可是黑色或白色。可能会在前足有单外翻爪。]



VI. HINDQUARTERS.[后侧部]



Hindquarters[后侧部—后腿和臀部]: Powerful, muscular, with all parts being moderately angulated. Seen from behind, the hind legs and stifle are parallel. The hocks are strong, well let down (approximately one-third the overall length of the leg), and perpendicular. [后侧各部分强健有力，角度适当。从后部向前看，后腿及后膝应是完全平行的。跗关节强壮（注4），利于着力（大约整腿长度三分之一）呈直角。]



注4：与人踝关节相似。下同。



Feet[足部]: A single or double dewclaw may be present on the rear feet. Removal of rear dewclaws, if present, optional.[可能会在后足有单外翻爪或双外翻爪。如出现，可选择去除。]



VII. COAT.[被毛]



In general, dogs carry noticeably more coat than *****es. [通常，公犬被毛生长要多于母犬。]The quality of the coat is of greater importance than quantity. [被毛的质量要比数量更为重要。]Double-coated, with fairly long, thick coarse guard hair, with heavy soft undercoat in cold weather which becomes rather sparse in warmer months. [双层被毛，冬季是长而粗硬的针毛和浓密柔软的内毛，夏季则大量减少.]Hair is fine but hard, straight and stand-off; never silky, curly or wavy.[毛是细而坚硬的，直且倒伏；从来不会柔化，卷曲或是波浪型。] Heavy undercoat, when present, rather woolly. Neck and shoulders heavily coated, especially in dogs, giving mane-like appearance. [当浓密的内毛长出后，非常酷似羊毛。颈部和肩部的被毛更浓密，形成鬃毛样外观。]Tail and britches densely coated and heavily feathered. The Tibetan Mastiff is shown naturally. [尾部和四肢被毛还有羽状附毛。看起来藏獒很自然。]Trimming is not acceptable except to provide a clean cut appearance of feet. Dogs are not to be penalized if shown with a summer coat.[人为的修剪不必要，除非是使脚部变得干净。公犬不应为夏季被毛而遭到处罚。]



VIII. COLOR.[颜色]



Black, brown, and blue/grey, all with or without tan markings, and various shades of gold. [黑色，棕褐色，减色和灰色，都可以有或没有栗色花标和各式金色的色块。]Tan ranges from a very rich shade through a lighter color.[栗色环型花标可以是非常深或淡些。] White markings on breast and feet acceptable.[在胸部和足部的白色标记可以接受。] Tan markings may appear at any or all of the following areas: above eyes as spots, around eyes (including spectacle markings), on each side of the muzzle, on throat, on lower part of front forelegs and extending up the inside of the forelegs, on inside of rear legs showing down the front of the stifle and broadening out to the front of the rear legs from hock to toes, on breeches, and underside of tail. [栗色标记可以出现在以下任何部位：眼睛之上如同斑点，环绕眼睛（包括眼镜状），在口吻边上，在咽喉部，自前腿部低部由内侧向上至前腿上部，在后腿内侧向下至膝关节前部再进一步拓宽至跗节关节和趾部，在足部，在尾部内下侧。]Undercoat, as well as furnishings on breeches and underside of tail, may be lighter shades of the dominant color. [内被毛如同四肢和尾部内侧，可能是遗传上显性的微淡一些的颜色。] The undercoat on black and tan dogs also may be grey or tan. Other markings such as sabling, brindling, white on other areas of the body, or large white markings, to be faulted. [黑色同栗色混杂品种的内被毛也可能是灰的或栗色的。其他的记号，如：紫貂色，斑点，其他部位的白色，或是大范围的白色，是被认为有缺陷的。]All other coat colors, while accepted, are to be faulted.[其他被毛的颜色，虽然是可以接受的，但是被（我们）认为是不合格的。]



IX. GAIT.[步态]



The gait of a Tibetan Mastiff is powerful, steady and balanced, yet at the same time, light-footed.[藏獒的步态是有力，稳重和平衡的，然而同时，是轻盈的。] When viewed from the side, reach and drive should indicate maximum use of the dog's moderate angulation.[当从侧面观察，运动幅度和驱动幅度可表现藏獒的适合的各幅度。]Back remains level and firm. Sound and powerful movement more important than speed.[（移动时）后部保持水平和稳固。合理而有力的移动比速度更为重要。]



X. TEMPERAMENT.[性情]



The Tibetan Mastiff is a highly intelligent, independent, strong willed and rather reserved dog. [藏獒是高度智慧，独立，意志坚强和深沉的犬。]He is aloof with strangers and highly protective of his charges and his property.[它对陌生人冷淡，并且能给它的主人和财物以高度的保护。] In the ring he may exhibit reserve or lack of enthusiasm, but any sign of shyness is unacceptable and must be severely faulted as inappropriate for a guardian breed.[门铃响的时候，它可能表现得深沉和缺乏热情，但是作为守护犬任何害羞的表现都是不可接受的也是严重不合格的。] Conversely, given its aloof nature, judges should also beware of putting a premium on showiness. [反之，（因为它）被赋予了深沉的本性，鉴定人也应通晓怎样在比赛中，给予（藏獒）评价。]

恭喜发财

谢谢提供！

陈诚

边秋雁

学到了好多，谢谢提供!