宠物狗猫的口腔疾病

POCO龙哥

宠物狗猫的口腔疾病

Tom Lonsdale （作者）
刘颉（翻译）
　　
　　在我诊所看病的许多宠物狗猫的嘴里散发出一股腐血、粪便和脓液的熏人臭气，最终导致了这场论战的爆发。
　　长期的临床实践告诉我，口腔疾病让我们的宠物伴侣终生痛苦不安。
　　宠物从出生到死亡一直遭受人类的伤害，这样残忍的作法人类却毫无感觉。不堪设想如果一个人终生患有口腔溃疡和牙痛会是怎样？

内在因素
　　狗猫出生后2-6周乳牙开始生出，生理性牙龈炎也不可避免地随之发生。用加工宠物食品喂养的猫狗患有的牙龈炎长期不愈，这是由于加工食物缺少对牙齿和牙龈的清洁和按磨。另外，宠物在成长过程中开始用口进行自身清洁，不可避免地将毛和粪便等脏东西带入到患有牙龈炎的牙缝残留物中。
　　4 - 6个月龄时，恒牙开始从血、便和脓液的混合液中生出，这个时候幼年狗猫的牙龈炎已经完全形成，大多数狗猫的新生恒牙就悬挂在发炎糜烂的牙龈上。
　　用加工食品喂养的宠物，当乳牙脱落后，由于恒牙长在患病的地方，啃咬会引起痛苦，因此它们不敢吃需要啃咬的食物。
　　自然赋予牙齿和牙龈绝妙的机械作用，同时要求每天清洁、按摩和按压牙齿和牙龈，否则，就会发生口腔疾病。就像未加保养的采矿机，如何能开掘矿藏？
　　除了终生遭受不可避免的痛苦外，口腔的顽固性败血病灶最后会引起心内膜炎，髂骨血管血栓，肾炎和其它疾病，后果不堪设想。

外在因素
　　号称为“除加水外的最完美食物”的宠物加工食品，已成为汽油和咖啡外最大的工业产业之一。
　　针对目前普遍存在的宠物口腔方面的需要，口腔仪器设备工业，甚至仿骨工业也随之兴旺起来。
　　大多数兽医行业对此却反应消极，他们可能为宠物提供一些口腔护理，但是整个兽医行业完全没有为饲养者提供任何有关宠物口腔疾病的忠告。由于宠物不会说话，宠物主人对口腔疾病的无知不会主动去资询兽医。大多数兽医对于宠物口腔疾病的重要性显得漠不关心。
　　兽医应该提供真正有用的措施，刷牙和定期麻醉洁牙是不够的，在饮食和食物对牙龈的按摩作用方面的忠告才是最重要的。

如何解决?
a. 内部因素
　　防止幼年狗猫在生长发育中出现的二次生理性牙龈炎发展成为病理性牙龈炎。成年的狗猫一样需要吃生肉骨。
b. 外部因素
　　50年代以前没有商业化的宠物加工食品工业，现在它似乎成为生活中不可缺少的部分。要改变这种局面可能需要不少时间。
　　兽医专业人士需要重新学习，同时还要教育公众。进行临床和大学基础上的科学研究势在必行。
　　宠物食品工业必须告知公众喂饲加工食品引起的上述问题。只有一家宠物食品公司提供了每年二次麻醉洁牙的动物研究结果（个人交流）。
　　不管宠物食品工业是否愿意，他们必须将警告说明印在他们的产品上。

这样做的好处？
　　好处不可估量！宠物将享受价廉物美的非加工的自然食物，自然环境将会受益，每只宠物一生的花销平均减少一千元美金。当然，宠物的生命将延长，过着“偷吃冰箱生肉骨”的幸福生活。
　　兽医将高兴地看到没有痛苦，更加健康的宠物，和快乐无比的宠物主人。

［湯姆医生1991年发表在悉尼大学兽医学院研究生委员会监控和治疗系列讲座第3128期。湯姆医生在文章中指出狗猫的口腔疾病可以导致许多慢性死亡性疾病，揭露加工宠物食品是引起宠物口腔疾病的罪恶祸首，批评兽医行业忽视宠物口腔疾病的预防和治疗，告诉人们生肉骨是预防狗猫口腔疾病的唯一有效和最经济的方法，大力宣传生肉骨喂养给狗猫和人类带来的好处。这篇文章标志着现代生肉骨运动在西方的开始。］


Oral Disease in Cats and Dogs


First Published:December 1991; Control and Therapy Series No. 3128; Mailing No. 163
Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science of the University of Sydney
PO Box A 561, Sydney South NSW 2000 , Australia; Tel: 02 9264 2122

The stench of stale blood, dung and pus emanating from the mouths of so many of my patients has finally provoked this eruption of dissent.

The sheer numbers passing through the practice, when extrapolated to the world situation, tells me that oral disease is the source of the greatest intractable pain and discomfort experienced by our companion animals.

This is a great and mindless cruelty we visit upon our animals from the whelping box to the grave. Just imagine having a mouth ulcer or toothache for a lifetime.

The internal factors are these:

Puppies and kittens cut their deciduous teeth between 2 and 6 weeks of age. An inevitable consequence of this is gingivitis. A diet of processed food ensures lack of gum massage and the gingivitis persists. The growing animal develops grooming behaviour and adds hair and faecal materials to the accumulated food scraps clogging the interdental spaces.

Between four and six months of age the permanent teeth erupt into a soup of blood, pus and saliva. The gingivitis is now well established and not infrequently one finds a young kitten or puppy with a complete set of deciduous teeth hanging from inflamed gingival shreds.

Even on a diet of processed food the deciduous teeth must eventually fall out. The permanent teeth come to occupy a diseased mouth and by this time the animal has learned not to chew on anything because of the pain involved.

The exquisite mechanism of teeth and gums, designed by nature to be cleaned, massage and stressed daily, is left to rot. Compare mining machinery properly maintained which can excavate a mountain but by disuse can be rendered useless.

A lifetime of inescapable pain is bad enough. The sequelae of endocarditis, iliac thrombosis, nephritis and all those other entities attributable to a permanent septic focus finally condemn this situation as being intolerable.

The external factors are these:

Foremost are the pet foods which are promoted as "complete diets only water needed". Along with petroleum and coffee, pet food is one of the biggest industries world wide.

Reacting to the now universal dental needs of our animals the dental instrument, the dental machine and even the imitation bone industries have flourished.

I believe many veterinary practitioners have reacted passively, perhaps providing some dental care as an after thought and virtually no advice. Since cats and dogs don't complain, owners don't realize and don't seek advice. Many vets just don't seem to be pro-active in this vital area.

As vets we need to provide more than palliative care. Brushing teeth and regular prophys are not enough when advice on diet and food to massage the gums is so vitally important.

What's to be done?

a. The internal system

Help them to control their two bouts of physiological gingivitis before it becomes pathological. Older larger dogs need raw bones and cats need raw meat on the bone.

b. The external system

The external commerce driven system did not exist before the 50's and now it seems such an inescapable part of life. It may take a while to alter course.

The profession can do much to re-educate itself and in turn the public. A few practice surveys and university based research projects would set the tone.

The pet food manufacturers will need advice on the problems caused by processed food. One pet food company gives bi-annual "prophys" to its research animals. (personal communication)

However, they may be persuaded to voluntarily print cautionary advice on their packaging.

What benefits can we expect?

Innumerable. Pets will be fed on cheap unprocessed bi-products some of the time. The environment will benefit, clients will be an average $1000 per animal/per lifetime better off. Certainly the pets can be expected to live longer as they enjoy their lives seeking to "steal bones out of the freezer".

As vets we will be happy to see more pain free, healthier pets and grateful owners.

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