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发表于 2008-3-25 19:22:22
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F.C.I. Breed Standard
For the Samoyed
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Samoyed
FCI-Standard No 212 / 09. 01. 1999 / GB
SAMOYED (Samoiedskaïa Sabaka)
ORIGIN : Northern Russia and Siberia.
PATRONAGE : Nordic Kennel Union (NKU).
DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 22.07.1997.
UTILIZATION : Sledge- and companion dog.
CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 5 Spitz and primitive types. Section 1 Nordic sledge dogs.
Without working trial.
BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY :
The name Samoyed derives from the Samoyed Tribes in Northern Russia and Siberia. In
Southern parts of the area they used white, black and brown parti-coloured dogs as reindeer
herders ; in the northern parts the dogs were pure white, had a mild temperament and were
used as hunting- and sledge dogs. The Samoyed dogs lived close to their owners, they even
slept within the shelters and were used as heaters. The British zoologist Ernest Kilburn
Scott spent three months among Samoyed Tribes in 1889. Returning to England he brought with
him a brown male puppy called ?Sabarka ? Later he imported a cream coloured *** called ?
Whitey Petchora ?from the western side of the Urals and a snow white male called ?Musti ?
from Siberia. These few dogs and those brought by the explorers are the base for the
western Samoyed. The first standard was written in England in 1909.
GENERAL APPEARANCE :
Medium in size, elegant, a white Arctic Spitz. In appearence gives the impression of power,
endurance, charm, suppleness, dignity and self-confidence. The expression, the so called ?
Samoyed Smile ? is made up of a combination of eye shape and position, and the slightly
curved up corners of the mouth. The sex should be clearly stamped.
IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS :
The length of the body is approximately 5% more than the height at the withers. The depth
of the body is slightly less than the half of the height at the withers. The muzzle is
approximately as long as the skull.
BEHAVIOUR AND TEMPERAMENT :
Friendly, open, alert and lively. The hunting instinct is very slight. Never shy nor
aggressive. Very social and cannot be used as guard dog.
HEAD :
Powerful and wedge-shaped.
CRANIAL REGION :
Skull : viewed from the front and in profile only slightly convex. Broadest between the
ears. Slightly visible furrow between the eyes.
Stop : Clearly defined but not too prominent.
FACIAL REGION :
Nose : Well developed, preferably black. During some periods of the year the pigment of the
nose can fade to a so called ?winter nose ?; there must however always be dark pigment at
the edges of the nose.
Muzzle : Strong and deep, approximately as long as the skull, gradually tapering towards
the nose, neither snipey nor heavy and square. The bridge of the nose is straight.
Lips : Close fitting, black and rather full. The corners of the mouth are slightly curved
forming the characteristic ?Samoyed Smile ?
Jaws/Teeth : Regular and complete scissor bite. The teeth and the jaws are strong. Normal
dentition.
Eyes : Dark brown in colour, well-set in the sockets, placed rather apart, somewhat
slanting and almond-shaped. The expression is ?smiling ? kind, alert and intelligent. The
eyerims are black.
Ears : Erect, rather small, thick, triangular and slightly rounded at the tips. They should
be mobile, set high ; due to the broad skull well apart.
NECK :
Strong and of medium length with a proud carriage.
BODY :
Slightly longer than the height at the withers, deep and compact but supple.
Withers : Clearly defined.
Back : Of medium length, muscular and straight ; in females slightly longer than in males.
Loin : Short, very strong and defined.
Croup : Full, strong, muscular and slightly sloping.
Chest : Broad, deep and long, reaching almost to the elbows. The ribs are well sprung.
Underline : Moderate tuck-up.
TAIL :
Set rather high. When the dog is alert and in motion the tail is carried bent from the root
forward over the back or side, but may be hanging at rest, then reaching to the hocks.
LIMBS
FOREQUARTERS :
General appearance : Well placed and muscular with strong bones. Viewed from the front
straight and parallel.
Shoulder : Long, firm and sloping.
Upper arm : Oblique and close to the body. Approximately as long as the shoulder.
Elbow : Close to the body.
Carpus : Strong but supple.
Metacarpus (Pastern) : Slightly oblique.
Fore Feet : Oval with long toes, flexible and pointing straight forward. Toes arched and
not too tightly knit. Elastics pads.
HINDQUARTERS :
General appearance : Viewed from behind straight and parallel with very strong muscles.
Upper thigh : Of medium length, rather broad and muscular.
Stifle : Well angulated.
Hocks : Rather low and well angulated.
Metatarsus : Short, strong, vertical and parallel.
Hindfeet : As front feet. The dewclaws should be removed.
GAIT : Powerful, free and tireless in appearance with long stride. Good reach in the
forequarters and good driving power in the hindquarters.
COAT
HAIR :
Profuse, thick, flexible and dense polar coat. The Samoyed is a double coated dog with
short, soft and dense undercoat and longer, more harsh and straight outer coat. The coat
should form a ruff around the neck and shoulders framing the head, especially in males. On
head and on front of legs, hair is short and smooth ; on outside of ears short, standing
off and smooth. Inside the ears should be well furred. On back of the thighs the hair forms
trousers. There should be a protective growth of hair between the toes. The tail should be
profusely covered with hair. The coat of the female is often shorter and softer in texture
than that of the male. The correct coat texture should always have a special glistening
sheen.
COLOUR :
Pure white, cream or white with biscuit. (The basic colour to be white with a few biscuit
markings.) Should never give the impression of being pale brown.
SIZE :
Height at withers : Ideal height : male 57 cm with a tolerance of ?3 cm and females 53 cm
with a tolerance of ± 3 cm.
FAULTS :
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness
with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.
Visible faults in structure.
Light bone.
Males not masculine and females not feminine.
Pincer bite.
Yellow eyes.
Soft ears.
Barrel ribcage.
Double twisted tail.
Low on the legs.
Badly bow-legged or cow hocked.
Wavy or short coated throughout, long, soft or coat hanging down.
Aloofness.
SERIOUS FAULTS :
Clearly unpigmented areas on eyerims or lips.
ELIMINATING FAULTS :
Eyes blue or of different colours.
Overshot or undershot bite.
Ears not erect.
Coat colour other than permitted in the standard.
Shy or aggressive disposition.
N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the
scrotum.
FCI标准中文翻译：
萨摩耶德 ：FCI标准第212号〔1999年1月9日〕英国
起源：俄罗斯北部及西伯利亚
犬种保护者：北欧犬业协会
原是有效标准发布日期：1997年7月22日
用途：雪橇犬和陪伴犬
FCI分类：5组 尖嘴犬和原始犬组。第一部分北欧雪橇犬。没有工作性比赛。
简短的历史概要：
萨摩耶的名字得自俄罗斯及西伯利亚北部地区的萨摩耶德部落。在南部地区，人们用白、黑、棕杂色的狗来放牧驯鹿，在北部地区这些狗是纯白色的，拥有温和的气质，被用来打猎和拉雪橇。萨摩耶犬与他们的主人关系密切，他们甚至睡在居室内并被用来取暖。
1889年，英国动物学家Ernest Kilburn Scott花了三个月的时间与萨摩耶德部落人在一起，返回英国的时候他带了一只叫做Sabarka的棕色的雄性幼犬，稍后，他又从乌拉尔山脉西部引进了一只叫做Whitey Petchora的奶酪色母犬，从西伯利亚引进了一只叫做Musti的雪白色的雄性犬。探险家带来的这几只犬以及她们的后代就是西方萨摩耶犬的基础。1909年在英国制定了第一个标准。
外观概括：
中型，文雅的，白色的北极翻尾巴绒毛狗。外表给人的印象是：充满力量，有耐力，迷人，温顺，高贵和自信的。表情，被称为萨摩耶的微笑的表情由眼睛的形状和位置以及微微向上弯曲的嘴角组成。性别应该明显。
重要比例：
身长比马肩隆的高度略多5％。身体的深度比马肩隆的一半略少。口吻的长度与头骨长度基本相等。
行为和性情：
友好，坦率，机警，活泼。狩猎的本能很弱。不畏缩也不好斗。非常社会化，不能被用作守卫犬。
头部：强有力的，楔形的
头盖区域：
头骨：从前面和侧面看上去稍稍有些凸起。最宽阔的地方是两耳之间，两眼之间微微可以看到沟纹。
止部：清晰但不过份突出。
面部区域
鼻：饱满，黑色更适宜。在一年中的某些时期鼻子的色素会减弱而被称作“雪鼻”，无论如何，鼻子的边缘必须始终是黑色。
口吻：强壮且深，长度与头骨长度基本相等，向着鼻子的方向逐渐变细，既不过尖（snipey）也不显得过于笨重或呈方形。鼻梁是直的。
嘴唇：适度的闭合，黑色并且相当丰满。嘴角轻微弯曲构成典型的“萨摩耶式的微笑”
口/牙齿：整齐的，完全的剪状咬合。牙齿和口吻强壮，标准齿系（上20下22齿）。
眼睛：深褐色，牢固的嵌在眼窝中，位置最好分开些，稍微有些倾斜并且是杏仁状的。表情是“微笑”，友好，警惕和机智的。眼眶是黑色的。
耳朵：直立的，稍小，厚，三角形且尖端略圆。耳朵应该是灵活的，耳位高；耳朵因头骨宽阔而分的较开。
脖子：强壮，中等长度有着骄傲的姿态。
身体：身长比马肩隆略高，深且紧凑但柔韧比较好。
马肩隆：轮廓清晰
背部：中等长度，强健且直；雌性比雄性稍长。
腰：短，非常强壮且轮廓清晰。
臀部：饱满，强壮，强健且稍倾斜。
胸部：宽阔，深且长，几乎延伸到肘部。肋骨有良好的弹性。
腹线：适度的收起。
尾巴：位置稍高。当犬处于警惕和兴奋中时尾巴卷到后背上，或卷向一侧，但休息时可能会垂下，下垂时应达到飞节。
四肢
前肢： 整体外观，位置适当，骨骼强壮且肌肉发达。从前面看直且彼此平行。
肩部：长，坚固且倾斜
上臂：倾斜且靠近身体。与肩部长度近似。
肘：靠近身体
腕：强壮但柔韧
掌（胶骨）：微微倾斜
前足：有着长脚趾的椭圆形前足，柔韧且直直的指向前方。脚趾成拱形且不是紧挨在一起。肉垫有弹性。
后腿及臀部：整体外观，从后面看上去直且平行，肌肉非常强壮。
大腿：中等长度，宽阔且肌肉强健更好
后腿膝关节：适当的角度。
飞节：角度适当且位置低些更好
跖骨：短，强壮，垂直于地面且相互平行
后脚：与前脚相同。狼趾应该去掉。
步态：有力，自由且不知疲倦的外观和步幅。前驱有好的伸展且后驱有好的驱动力。
被毛
头发：丰富的，厚的，柔软的以及浓密的皮毛。萨摩耶是具有双层被毛的犬只，短，柔软且浓密的底毛和略长的更粗糙些的直立的披毛。皮毛应在脖子及肩周围形成围脖衬托头部，尤其是雄性。在头部及前腿，毛发短而光滑；耳朵外侧的毛短，直立而光滑。耳朵内侧应该适度的长着软毛。大腿后面的毛发形成了长裤。脚趾间应该长有保护性的毛发。尾巴应该被丰厚的毛发覆盖。雌性的皮毛质地往往比雄性的更加短并且柔软。正确的皮毛质地应该永远闪耀着特殊的光彩。
颜色：纯白，奶油色或白色带有浅褐色（主要是白色带有少许浅褐色标记）。决不应给人以本质是淡棕色的印象。
尺寸：马肩隆的高度：理想高度：雄性57cm，允许±3cm的公差，雌性53cm，允许±3cm的公差。
缺陷：任何与前面描述的要点相违背的都应被看做缺陷，
结构上的明显缺陷：骨量轻；雄性没有阳刚之气或雌性不柔美；水平咬合；黄色眼睛；耳朵软；桶状的胸腔；尾巴卷两圈；腿短；严重的罗圈腿或牛肢；全部是波浪状或短的皮毛，长的，柔软或下垂的皮毛；态度冷漠
严重缺陷：眼眶或嘴唇有明显的色素缺失
失格：蓝眼或其它颜色；上颚突出或下颚突出的咬合（天包地或地包天）；耳朵不是直立的；除标准允许之外的毛色；害羞或好斗的性格。
注：雄性应该有两个明显正常的睾丸完全置于阴囊
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