AKC贵宾原版资料（英文以及部分重点中文翻译）

prettygirl

Poodle Breed Standard
Non-Sporting Group
Toy Group

The Standard for the Poodle (Toy variety) is the same as for the Standard and Minature varieties except as regards heights.

General Appearance, Carriage and Condition
That of a very active, intelligent and elegant-appearing dog, squarely built, well proportioned, moving soundly and carrying himself proudly. Properly clipped in the traditional fashion and carefully groomed, the Poodle has about him an air of distinction and dignity peculiar to himself.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Size
The Standard Poodle is over 15 inches at the highest point of the shoulders. Any Poodle which is 15 inches or less in height shall be disqualified from competition as a Standard Poodle.

The Miniature Poodle is 15 inches or under at the highest point of the shoulders, with a minimum height in excess of 10 inches. Any Poodle which is over 15 inches or is 10 inches or less at the highest point of the shoulders shall be disqualified from competition as a Miniature Poodle.

The Toy Poodle is 10 inches or under at the highest point of the shoulders. Any Poodle which is more than 10 inches at the highest point of the shoulders shall be disqualified from competition as a Toy Poodle.

As long as the Toy Poodle is definitely a Toy Poodle, and the Miniature Poodle a Miniature Poodle, both in balance and proportion for the Variety, diminutiveness shall be the deciding factor when all other points are equal.

Proportion - To insure the desirable squarely built appearance, the length of body measured from the breastbone to the point of the rump approximates the height from the highest point of the shoulders to the ground.

Substance - Bone and muscle of both forelegs and hindlegs are in proportion to size of dog.

Head and Expression
Eyes-- very dark, oval in shape and set far enough apart and positioned to create an alert intelligent expression. Major fault: eyes round, protruding, large or very light.

Ears-- hanging close to the head, set at or slightly below eye level. The ear leather is long, wide and thickly feathered; however, the ear fringe should not be of excessive length.

Skull-- moderately rounded, with a slight but definite stop. Cheekbones and muscles flat. Length from occiput to stop about the same as length of muzzle.

Muzzle-- long, straight and fine, with slight chiseling under the eyes. Strong without lippiness. The chin definite enough to preclude snipiness. Major fault: lack of chin. Teeth-- white, strong and with a scissors bite. Major fault: undershot, overshot, wry mouth.

Neck, Topline, Body  
Neck well proportioned, strong and long enough to permit the head to be carried high and with dignity. Skin snug at throat. The neck rises from strong, smoothly muscled shoulders. Major fault: ewe neck.

The topline is level, neither sloping nor roached, from the highest point of the shoulder blade to the base of the tail, with the exception of a slight hollow just behind the shoulder.

Body
Chest deep and moderately wide with well sprung ribs.  The loin is short, broad and muscular.  Tail straight, set on high and carried up, docked of sufficient length to insure a balanced outline. Major fault: set low, curled, or carried over the back.

Forequarters
Strong, smoothly muscled shoulders. The shoulder blade is well laid back and approximately the same length as the upper foreleg. Major fault: steep shoulder.

Forelegs - Straight and parallel when viewed from the front. When viewed from the side the elbow is directly below the highest point of the shoulder. The pasterns are strong. Dewclaws may be removed.

Feet - The feet are rather small, oval in shape with toes well arched and cushioned on thick firm pads. Nails short but not excessively shortened. The feet turn neither in nor out. Major fault: paper or splay foot.

Hindquarters
The angulation of the hindquarters balances that of the forequarters.

Hind legs straight and parallel when viewed from the rear. Muscular with width in the region of the stifles which are well bent; femur and tibia are about equal in length; hock to heel short and perpendicular to the ground. When standing, the rear toes are only slightly behind the point of the rump. Major fault: cow-hocks.

Coat
Quality--(1) Curly: of naturally harsh texture, dense throughout. (2) Corded: hanging in tight even cords of varying length; longer on mane or body coat, head, and ears; shorter on puffs, bracelets, and pompons.

Clip-- A Poodle under 12 months may be shown in the "Puppy" clip. In all regular classes, Poodles 12 months or over must be shown in the "English Saddle" or "Continental" clip. In the Stud Dog and Brood Bitch classes and in a non-competitive Parade of Champions, Poodles may be shown in the "Sporting" clip. A Poodle shown in any other type of clip shall be disqualified.

(1) "Puppy"--A Poodle under a year old may be shown in the "Puppy" clip with the coat long. The face, throat, feet and base of the tail are shaved. The entire shaven foot is visible. There is a pompon on the end of the tail. In order to give a neat appearance and a smooth unbroken line, shaping of the coat is permissible. (2) "English Saddle"--In the "English Saddle" clip the face, throat, feet, forelegs and base of the tail are shaved, leaving puffs on the forelegs and a pompon on the end of the tail. The hindquarters are covered with a short blanket of hair except for a curved shaved area on each flank and two shaved bands on each hindleg. The entire shaven foot and a portion of the shaven leg above the puff are visible. The rest of the body is left in full coat but may be shaped in order to insure overall balance. (3) "Continental"--In the "Continental" clip, the face, throat, feet, and base of the tail are shaved. The hindquarters are shaved with pompons (optional) on the hips. The legs are shaved, leaving bracelets on the hindlegs and puffs on the forelegs. There is a pompon on the end of the tail. The entire shaven foot and a portion of the shaven foreleg above the puff are visible. The rest of the body is left in full coat but may be shaped in order to insure overall balance. (4) "Sporting"--In the "Sporting" clip, a Poodle shall be shown with face, feet, throat, and base of tail shaved, leaving a scissored cap on the top of the head and a pompon on the end of the tail. The rest of the body, and legs are clipped or scissored to follow the outline of the dog leaving a short blanket of coat no longer than one inch in length. The hair on the legs may be slightly longer than that on the body.

In all clips the hair of the topknot may be left free or held in place by elastic bands. The hair is only of sufficient length to present a smooth outline. "Topknot" refers only to hair on the skull, from stop to occiput. This is the only area where elastic bands may be used.

Color
The coat is an even and solid color at the skin. In blues, grays, silvers, browns, cafe-au-laits, apricots and creams the coat may show varying shades of the same color. This is frequently present in the somewhat darker feathering of the ears and in the tipping of the ruff. While clear colors are definitely preferred, such natural variation in the shading of the coat is not to be considered a fault. Brown and cafe-au-lait Poodles have liver-colored noses, eye-rims and lips, dark toenails and dark amber eyes. Black, blue, gray, silver, cream and white Poodles have black noses, eye-rims and lips, black or self colored toenails and very dark eyes. In the apricots while the foregoing coloring is preferred, liver-colored noses, eye-rims and lips, and amber eyes are permitted but are not desirable. Major fault: color of nose, lips and eye-rims incomplete, or of wrong color for color of dog.

Parti-colored dogs shall be disqualified. The coat of a parti-colored dog is not an even solid color at the skin but is of two or more colors.

Gait
A straightforward trot with light springy action and strong hindquarters drive. Head and tail carried up. Sound effortless movement is essential.

Temperament
Carrying himself proudly, very active, intelligent, the Poodle has about him an air of distinction and dignity peculiar to himself. Major fault: shyness or sharpness.

Major Faults
Any distinct deviation from the desired characteristics described in the Breed Standard.

Disqualifications
Size-- A dog over or under the height limits specified shall be disqualified. Clip-- A dog in any type of clip other than those listed under coat shall be disqualified. Parti-colors-- The coat of a parti-colored dog is not an even solid color at the skin but of two or more colors. Parti-colored dogs shall be disqualified.

Value of Points
General appearance, temperament, carriage and condition.......30
Head, expression, ears, eyes and teeth.......20
Body, neck, legs, feet and tail.......20
Gait.......20
Coat, color and texture.......10

Approved August 14, 1984
Reformatted March 27, 1990

prettygirl

部分翻译
贵宾犬的犬种标准在各国的犬协规定中，除了文字用语有差别之外，大致上的要求均相同，但想参展或从事贵宾繁殖有关行业者，必须注意到一些特殊规定，例如美AKC和英国TKC对贵宾体型的身高要求有所不同，在美容造型的名称上也不一致，其它标准亦可能有调整，所以应随时注意。
一般外貌
　　贵宾犬是一种非常活泼好动、聪明且具有优雅外观的犬种。牠的体型呈正方型，比例恰当，步伐稳健，很有精神。依传统样式做适度修剪及精致美容后，使牠的样子看起来更有特色，独具高贵气质。
尺寸、比例、身躯
　　「尺吋」：标准型贵宾肩高须超过十五英吋，等于或少于十五英吋者，在标准型比赛中属于失格。迷你型贵宾肩高为十五吋以下，十吋以上者，超过十五吋或等于十吋者，在迷你型比赛中属于失格。玩具型贵宾为肩高十吋及十吋以下者，超过十吋者在玩具型比赛中属于失格。以迷你型或玩具型参赛者，如果体型比例协调，得分相同时，体型娇小将成为决定因素。「比例」：要确定外观体型是否方正，可测从胸骨至臀部的长度。「身躯」：前肢与后腿的骨骼肌肉，须与体型形成适当比例。
头部
　　「眼睛」：颜色很深、呈椭圆形，位置很适中，足以给人机警聪明印象。严重缺点：圆眼、凸眼、过大及颜色太浅。「耳朵」：贴近头部，与眼线齐或略低，耳皮长、宽、覆有厚毛，不过耳边的毛则不能太长。「头盖骨」：呈适度圆型，紧接细长而明显的额段，颊骨及肌肉平顺，枕骨至额段长度与口吻部大致相等。「吻部」：长、直、细致，稍微凿入眼下，唇缘牢固，下巴明显且不会让口吻显得过长。严重缺点：短下巴。「牙齿」：色白、有力，咬合如剪刀状。严重缺点：下颚突出、上颚突出，歪嘴。
颈部、背线及身体
　　「颈部」：比例合宜、有力且长度足以撑起头部而显得很高贵，皮肤贴紧喉咙，肩膀很有力地将颈部举起。严重缺点：羊颈。「背线」：从肩膀最高点至尾椎呈水平，但肩膀正后方有轻微凹陷。「身躯」：胸深、宽度适中，搭配开展的肋骨。腰短、宽阔、肌肉发达。尾巴直、位置高、向上直举，断尾后的长度应与外观搭配协调。严重缺点：位置太低、卷曲、或盖在背部上面。
前躯
　　具流畅有力的肩膀，肩胛骨度往后靠，长度则与前肢上半段相同。严重缺点：陡肩。「前肢」：从正前方看，笔直且平行，从侧身看时，肘部位在肩膀最高点正下方，骹部很有力，狼爪可除去。「足部」：贵宾犬的脚有点小，椭圆形的脚趾，适度拱起，衬着厚实的脚垫。严重缺点：太薄或向外撑开的脚。
后躯
　　形状应与前躯协调。「后脚」：笔直，从后面看时为平行，后膝关节适当弯曲，宽阔且肌肉发达。股骨、胫骨长度相仿，脚腕至脚跟短且与地面垂直，站立时，后脚趾仅稍后于臀端。严重缺点：牛脚腕。
披毛
　　「特性」：自然卷曲、质地粗糙，从头到尾均极浓密。呈垂挂绳索状，紧密的绳状披毛长度有所不同，在颈背、身体、头部及耳朵的毛较长，在前脚球(puffs)、后脚球(bracelets)和尾殿部的澎球(pompons)则较短。
　　「修剪法」：贵宾在十二月龄以下，可修剪成幼犬型(puppy)。在正规比赛中，十二月龄或超过者，可剪成英国鞍型(English Saddle)，或是欧陆型(Contlnental)。在种公、种母比赛，及非竞赛性质的冠军犬展示时，贵宾可被剪成运动型(Sporting)。贵宾犬如剪成其它形状则属失格。
　　「幼犬型」：一岁以下的贵宾犬可修剪长毛的幼犬型。脸、喉咙、脚及尾根的毛要剃光，剃毛以后的脚要很明显易见，尾端则须留有澎球。为了呈现完美的外观及流畅不中断的线条，在披毛上加以造形是被许可的。
　　「英国鞍型」：此型的修剪，须剃除脸、喉咙、脚、前肢及尾根的毛，在前肢留泡芙球，尾端留有澎球。后半身除两腹侧留有剃毛曲线，及两后腿上均有两道剃毛嵌条外，全部均覆盖着短而密的披毛。全部剃掉毛的脚及泡芙球上方剃掉毛部份均清晰可见，身上的披毛可以完全保留，如为配合整体均衡，可以加以造形。
　　「欧陆型」：这款欧陆型，脸、喉咙、脚及尾根的毛须剃除。后半身披毛剃除，留下澎球在臀部。四肢全部剃毛，在后腿留后脚球，在前腿留泡芙球。尾端则留有澎球。全部剃毛的脚及前脚泡芙球上方剃毛部份应非常明显可见。其它身上的毛全部保留，但可为配合全身之均衡而做造形。
　　「运动型」：修剪运动型的贵宾，须剃除脸、脚、喉咙及尾根的毛。头顶修剪成帽状，尾端留有澎球。其它身体上及腿上的披毛可依狗的外形加以修剪，留下长一英吋以内的短毛即可。腿上的披毛则可略长于身体上的披毛。
　　所有修剪型态中的顶髻，可以任其自然或用橡皮筋束起来。这些披毛够长，适足以呈现出流畅的外形。顶髻(Topknot)仅指从额段至后头部位，在头盖骨上的毛发。这是唯一可使用橡皮筋的地方。
毛色
　　披毛颜色是均匀的单色。在蓝色、灰色、银灰色、棕色、乳咖啡色、杏色及奶油色之中，披毛可能表现出深浅色不同变化。在耳朵、颈端最常发生毛色较深情况。无疑地纯净毛色较受人喜爱，但如有披毛颜色呈自然明暗变化，则并不会被视为缺点。棕色及乳咖啡色的贵宾，会有猪肝色鼻子、眼线、唇及深色脚趾甲、深琥珀色眼睛。黑色、蓝色、灰色、银灰色、奶油色及白色贵宾则有黑色鼻子、眼线及嘴唇，黑色或与本身毛色相同的脚趾甲及深色眼睛。如披毛为杏色，如有前述的配色较佳，猪肝色的鼻子、眼线唇及璃珀色眼睛虽被许可，但并不受欢迎。严重缺点：鼻子、嘴唇及眼线颜色，或与毛色搭配错误。花色犬只一律失格，所谓花色是指不是单色，而是有两种或更多种颜色者。
步态
　　直线小跑步动作轻快，后半身有力地向前传动，头及尾均高举。移动时必须要安静无声。
性格
　　自信心十足，非常活泼、聪明，贵宾犬自有一份特有高贵气质。严重缺点：害羞或太严肃。
严重缺点
　　任何不合于犬种标准中所述的明显错误均属之。
失格
　　尺寸：高度超过或不足所规定的外型为失格。修剪：修剪成不同于披毛标准之型者为失格。花色：非单色，具有二种以上颜色的花色狗均为失格。
计分方式
　　一般外观、性格、神情及态度占百分之三十。头部、表情、耳、眼及牙齿占百分之二十。身体、颈部、腿、脚及尾巴占百分之二十。步态占百分之二十。披毛、颜色及质地占百分之十。